What type of research primarily collects and reports data in numerical form?

Quantitative research is characterized by its focus on collecting and analyzing numerical data. This research type aims to quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking for statistical relationships. Researchers often use tools such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis to gather and interpret data. The primary goal is to establish patterns, test theories, and make predictions based on the numerical data collected. This approach allows for a more objective measurement of variables, enabling researchers to draw conclusions that can be generalized to larger populations.

In contrast, qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts, experiences, or social contexts rather than collecting numeric data. Descriptive research, although it can involve numerical data, is primarily used to provide a clear picture of a situation or phenomenon and may not always rely on quantitative methods. Exploratory research is typically used to generate insights or ideas about a phenomenon when there are few predefined expectations, often lacking a structured methodology common in quantitative studies. Thus, the emphasis on numerical data collection and analysis distinctly identifies quantitative research.